1709
year
1709 (MDCCIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1709th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 709th year of the 2nd millennium, the 9th year of the 18th century, and the 10th and last year of the 1700s decade. As of the start of 1709, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 17th century – 18th century – 19th century |
| Decades: | 1670s 1680s 1690s – 1700s – 1710s 1720s 1730s |
| Years: | 1706 1707 1708 – 1709 – 1710 1711 1712 |
| Gregorian calendar | 1709 MDCCIX |
| Ab urbe condita | 2462 |
| Armenian calendar | 1158 ԹՎ ՌՃԾԸ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6459 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1630–1631 |
| Bengali calendar | 1116 |
| Berber calendar | 2659 |
| British Regnal year | 7 Ann. 1 – 8 Ann. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2253 |
| Burmese calendar | 1071 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7217–7218 |
| Chinese calendar | 戊子年 (Earth Rat) 4405 or 4345 — to — 己丑年 (Earth Ox) 4406 or 4346 |
| Coptic calendar | 1425–1426 |
| Discordian calendar | 2875 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1701–1702 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5469–5470 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1765–1766 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1630–1631 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4809–4810 |
| Holocene calendar | 11709 |
| Igbo calendar | 709–710 |
| Iranian calendar | 1087–1088 |
| Islamic calendar | 1120–1121 |
| Japanese calendar | Hōei 6 (宝永６年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1632–1633 |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 11 days |
| Korean calendar | 4042 |
| Minguo calendar | 203 before ROC 民前203年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 241 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2251–2252 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳土鼠年 (male Earth-Rat) 1835 or 1454 or 682 — to — 阴土牛年 (female Earth-Ox) 1836 or 1455 or 683 |
Events
change- January 10 - Abraham Darby I makes cast iron using coke fuel at his Coalbrookdale blast furnace in Shropshire, England.[1][2][3]
- February - In America, Mardi Gras is celebrated one more time with Masque de la Mobile in the capital of French Louisianne, Mobile (Alabama), before Mobile is moved 27 miles (43 km) down the Mobile River to Mobile Bay in 1711.
- February 2 - Alexander Selkirk is rescued from shipwreck on a desert island, inspiring the book Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe.
- July 8 (New Style) - Battle of Poltava: In Ukraine, Peter I of Russia defeats Charles XII of Sweden at Poltava (see above).
- August 8 - The hot air balloon of Bartolomeu de Gusmão flies in Portugal.
- September 11 - Battle of Malplaquet: Great Britain, the Netherlands and Austria defeat France.
- October 12 - The City of Chihuahua, México is founded.
- December 25 - In London, 10 ships leave for the New York colony, carrying over 4,000 people.
Births
change- February 24 – Jacques de Vaucanson, French inventor (d. 1782)
- March 10 – Georg Steller, German naturalist (d. 1746)
- August 7 – Jean-Jacques Lefranc, marquis de Pompignan, French poet (d. 1784)
- August 8 – Tokugawa Ietsugu, 7th Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan (d. 1716)
- September 18 – Samuel Johnson, English writer and lexicographer (d. 1784)
- November 2 – Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange, (d. 1759)
- December 18 – Elizabeth of Russia, reigning Empress of Russia (d. 1762)
- John Cleland, English novelist (d. 1789)
- Charles Collé, French dramatist (d. 1783)
References
change- ↑ Mott, R. A. (5 January 1957). "The earliest use of coke for ironmaking". The Gas World, Coking Section Supplement. 145: 7–18.
- ↑ Raistrick, Arthur (1953). Dynasty of Ironfounders: the Darbys and Coalbrookdale. London: Longmans, Green. p. 34.
- ↑ Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 292. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.