First Czechoslovak Republic

1918–1938 republic in Central/Eastern Europe

The First Czechoslovak Republic was a country in Eastern Europe. It was commonly known as Czechoslovakia, and it existed between 1918 and 1938. It was occupied by Nazi Germany and became the Protectorate of the Third Reich.

Czechoslovak Republic
Československá republika
1918–1938
Flag of Czechoslovakia
Flag (after 1920)
Motto: Pravda vítězí / Pravda víťazí
"Truth prevails"
Anthem: Kde domov můj (Czech)
’Where my home is’

Nad Tatrou sa blýska (Slovak)
’Lightning Over the Tatras’
The Czechoslovak Republic in 1937
The Czechoslovak Republic in 1937
Capital
and largest city
Prague
Official languagesCzechoslovak, German
Common languagesCzechoslovaka (Czech · Slovak)
Demonym(s)Czechoslovak
GovernmentUnitary parliamentary republic
President 
• 1918–1935
Tomáš Masaryk
• 1935–1938
Edvard Beneš
Prime Minister 
• 1918–1919 (first)
Karel Kramář
• 1935–1938 (last)
Milan Hodža
LegislatureNational Assembly
Senate
Chamber of Deputies
Historical eraInterwar period
28 October 1918
29 February 1920
30 September 1938
CurrencyCzechoslovak koruna
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Kingdom of Bohemia
Kingdom of Hungary
German Empire
Second Czechoslovak Republic
Reichsgau Sudetenland
Kingdom of Hungary
Second Polish Republic
Today part of
a. German, Hungarian, Polish, Romani, Ruthenian, and Yiddish had regional status.

Bibliography

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  • Kárník, Zdeněk: Malé dějiny československé (1867–1939), Dokořán (2008), Praha, ISBN 978-80-7363-146-8 (in Czech)
  • Olivová, Věra: Dějiny první republiky, Karolinum Press (2000), Praha, ISBN 80-7184-791-7 (in Czech)
  • Peroutka, Ferdinand: Budování státu I.-IV., Academia (2003), Praha, ISBN 80-200-1121-8 (in Czech)
  • Gen. František Moravec: Špión jemuž nevěřili ISBN 80-200-1006-8 (in Czech)
  • Axworthy, Mark W.A. Axis Slovakia—Hitler's Slavic Wedge, 1938–1945, Bayside, N.Y. : Axis Europa Books, 2002, ISBN 1-891227-41-6