List of Iranic dynasties and countries
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This is a list of Iranic states, dynasties and empires.
Current
changeIndependent
changeName | Status of Iranic lanaguage | Years |
---|---|---|
Iran |
Persian is the official language[1] | 1979 |
Tajikistan |
Tajik is the state (national) language[2] | 1991 |
Afghanistan |
Pashto and Dari is the official languge[3] | First Islamic Emirate in between 1996 and 2001 second emirate since the 2021 |
Autonomous
changeFederal subjects (Republics) of Russia | ||
---|---|---|
Name | Years | |
North Ossetia–Alania |
2010 – 65.1% Ossetians | 1992 |
Dagestan |
2010 – 0.01% Tats | 1992 |
Other autonomy | ||
Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County |
2020 – 80.9% Tajiks[4] | 1954 |
AANES |
–
|
2013 |
Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region |
–
|
1991 |
Self-governing provinces subject to the federal government in Pakistan | ||
Balochistan |
2017 – by language, 35.49% Balochi, 35.34% Pashto[5] | 1970 |
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa |
2017 – by language, 76.86% Pashto[5] | 1970 |
Historical
changeCurrent Iranic peoples
changeEthnicity | Native name | |
---|---|---|
Persians | Persia | |
Pashtuns | Pashtunistan | |
Kurds | Kurdistan | |
Tajiks | Tajikistan | |
Balochs | Balochistan | |
Lurs | Luristan | |
Gilaks | Gilan | |
Mazandaranis | Mazandaran | |
Zazas | ||
Talyshs | Talish | |
Ossetians | Ossetia | |
Tats (Iran) | ||
Pamiris | Pamir | |
Wakhis | ||
Tats (Caucasus) | ||
Yaghobis | Yaghnob | |
Kumzaris | Kumzar |
Historical Iranic peoples and tribal conferedations
change- Alans
- Sogdians
- Scythians[6]
- Dahaeans
- Parthians
- Cimmerians[7][8]
- Sarmatians
- Sakas
- Medes
- Daylamites
- Massagetaeans
- Khwarezmians
Iranic states and dynasties
change- Scythian kingdoms
- Scythian Kingdom in West Asia (c. 7th century BC–c. 600s BC)
- Scythian Kingdom in Pontic Steppe (c. 600s BC–c. 3rd century BC)
- Medes (ca. 678 BCE–549 BCE) of Median origin
- Orontid dynasty (570–200 BC) of Iranian origin
- Pharnacid dynasty (c. 550–320 BC) of Persian origin
- Achaemenid Empire (550–330 BC) of Persian origin
- Parthian Empire ("Arsacid dynasty of Parthia"; 247 BC–224 AD) of Parthian origin
- Arsacid dynasty of Armenia (52–428) of Parthian origin
- Arsacid dynasty of Iberia (c. 189–284) of Parthian origin
- Arsacid dynasty of Caucasian Albania (1st century–510) of Parthian origin
- Indo-Scythians (200 BCE–400 AD) of Scythian origin
- Shule Kingdom (200 BC–790 AD) of Iranian origin
- Artaxiad dynasty (190 BC–12 AD) of Iranian origin
- Indo-Parthian Kingdom (12 BC–before 100 AD?) of Parthian origin
- Kingdom of Khotan (56–1006) of Sakan origin
- Sasanian Empire (224–651) of Persian origin
- House of Kayus (226–380) of Iranian origin
- Chosroid dynasty (284–807) of Iranian origin
- Afrighids (305–995) of Iraniam origin
- Kingdom of the Alans (409–426) of Alan origin
- Mihranids (330–821) of Parthian origin
- Dabuyid dynasty (642–760) of Iranian origin
- Masmughans of Damavand (650–760) of Parthian origin
- Bavand dynasty (651–1349) of Parthian origin
- Paduspanids (665–1598) of Iranian origin
- Bukhar Khudahs (before 681–890s) of Sogdian origin
- Principality of Ushrusana (?–892/3) of Sogdian origin
- Qarinvand dynasty (7th-century–11th-century) of Parthian origin
- Rustamid dynasty (767–909) of Persian origin
- Sadakiyans (770–828) of Kurdish origin
- Justanids (791–974) of Iranian origin
- Samanids (819–999) of Iranian origin
- Tahirid dynasty (821–873) they are culturally highly Arabicized, but of Persian origin[9]
- Banijurids (848–908) of Iranian origin
- Saffarid dynasty (861–1003) of Persian or eastern Iranian origin
- Ghurid dynasty (before 879–1219) their ethnicity is uncertain, altough eastern Iranian Tajik origin can be assumed[10][11]
- Qarmatians (899–1077) of Persian origin
- Alania (late 9th century–1238/1239) of Alan origin
- [12]
- Farighunids (9th century–1010) of Persian origin
- Ziyarid dynasty (931–1090) of Gilaki origin
- Banu Ilyas (932–968) of Sogdian origin
- Buyid dynasty (934–1062) of Daylamite origin
- Hasanwayhids (950–1121) of Kurdish origin
- Shaddadids (951–1199) of Kurdish origin
- Kilwa Sultanate (957-1913) of Persian origin
- Marwanids (983/990–1085) of Kurdish origin[13]
- Annazids (990–1116) of Kurdish origin
- Ma'munids (995–1017) of Iranian origin
- Kakuyids (1008–1141) of Daylamite origin
- Nasrid dynasty (Sistan) (1029–1225) of eastern Iranian origin
- Hazaraspids (1115–1424) of Kurdish origin
- Atabegs of Yazd (1141–1319) of Persian origin
- Khorshidi dynasty (1184–1597) of Kurdish origin
- Ayyubid dynasty (1171–1260/1341) of Kurdish origin
- Principality of Bitlis (1182–1847) of Kurdish origin
- Emirate of Hasankeyf (1232–1524) of Kurdish origin
- Kurt Dynasty (1244–1381) of Tajik origin
- Pervâneoğlu (1261–1326) of Persian origin
- Zirqanids (1335–1835) of Kurdish origin
- Afrasiab dynasty (1349–1504) of Mazandarani origin
- Lodi dynasty (1451–1526) of Pashtun origin
- Mirani dynasty (1476–1787) of Baloch origin
- Emirate of Palu (1495–1850) of Kurdish origin
- Muzaffarids (Somalia) (late 15th-1700) of Persian origin
- Safavid empire (1501_1736) of Kurdish origin
- Emirate of Bradost (1510–1609) of Kurdish origin
- Soran Emirate (1514–1836) of Kurdish origin
- Sur Empire (1540–1556) of Pashtun origin
- Ardalan (14th century–1865/1868) of Kurdish origin
- Baban (1649–1850) of Kurdish origin
- Karrani Dynasty (1564–1576) of Pashtun origin
- Hotaki dynasty (1709–1738) of Pashtun origin
- afsharid (1736–1796) of Turkmen or kurd origin
- Nawab of Awadh (1732–1856) of Persian origin
- Sarab Khanate (1747–?) of Kurdish origin
- Durrani Empire (1747–1862) of Pashtun origin
- Zand dynasty (1750–1794) of Kurdish origin
- Talpur dynasty (1783–1843) of Baloch origin
- Emirate of Herat (1793–1863) of Pashtun origin
- Barakzai dynasty (1826–1973) of Pashtun and Persian origin[a]
- Pahlavi dynasty (1925–1979) of Mazandarani origin
Sinicized Iranic dynasties
change- Yan dynasty (756–764) of Sogdian and Göktürk origin
Turkified Iranic states
change- Khoy Khanate (1731–1799) Ruled by Turkified Kurdish tribe of Donboli
- Safavid Empire (1501–1736) of Kurdish
[14] origin later Turkified
- Tabriz Khanate (1757–1799) Ruled by Turkified Kurdish tribe of Donboli
Hellenized Iranic states
change- Kingdom of Pontus (281 BC–36 BC) Ruled by the Mithridatic dynasty of Persian origin until 36 BC
- Kingdom of Cappadocia (320s BC–36 BC) Ruled by the Ariarathid dynasty until 96 BC, by Ariobarzanid dynasty until 36 BC, both are Persian origin
Former and defunct Iranic governments
changeTeritories
changeRussian Empire
change- Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917) including the many Ossetian, Tat and Kurdish populated lands. There are fourteen provinces called governorate, oblast, okrug and gradonachalstvo
Soviet Union
change- Persian Socialist Soviet Republic (1920–1921) short-lived Soviet republic in Gilak and Talysh populated regions of Iran
- North Ossetian ASSR (1936–1992) Ossetian republic in northern Ossetian-populated lands
- South Ossetian AO (1922–1990) Ossetian autonomous oblast in southern Ossetian-populated lands
- Kurdistan uezd (1923–1929) Kurdish uezd of Kurdish-populated lands in Karabakh
- North Ossetian AO (1924–1936) Ossetian autonomous oblast in northern Ossetian-populated lands
- Tajikistan SSR (1929–1991) Tajik soviet republic in Tajik populated lands
Turko-Iranic states and dynasties
changekhwarazmian empire (1077–1231) [17]
Notes
change- ↑ The father of Dost Mohammad Khan, the founder of the dynasty, was the chief of the Pashtun Barakzai tribe, his family can be traced back to Abdal (the first and founder of the Pashtun Durrānī/Abdālī tribe), through Hajji Jamal Khan, Yousef, Yaru, Mohammad, Omar Khan, Khisar Khan, Ismail, Nek, Daru, Saifal, and Barak. Abdal had Four sons, Popal, Barak, Achak, and Alako. His mother was a Qizilbash from the Persian Sīāh Manṣūr tribe.
References
change- ↑ Constitution of Iran, Article 15.
- ↑ Constitution of Tajikistan, Article 2.
- ↑ Constitution of Afghanistan, Article 16.
- ↑ 塔什库尔干塔吉克自治县基本概况 [Basic Situation of Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County]. (in Mandarin). "塔什库尔干塔吉克自治县(简称塔县)地处祖国西部边陲,帕米尔高原东麓,平均海拔4000米以上。全县总面积2.5万平方公里,辖12个乡镇50个村(社区),总人口4.1万人,塔吉克族占80.9%,是全国唯一的塔吉克民族自治县,外与巴基斯坦、阿富汗、塔吉克斯坦及克什米尔地区接壤,边境线长793.6公里," ["The county has a total area of 25,000 square kilometers, governs 12 townships and 50 villages (communities), and has a total population of 41,000. Tajiks account for 80.9%. It is the only Tajik ethnic autonomous county in the country. The region borders with a border line of 793.6 kilometers long."]
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Census Final Results – Mother Tongue". (PDF). Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. 2017.
- ↑ • Ivantchik 2018 : "SCYTHIANS, a nomadic people of Iranian origin (...)"
• Harmatta 1996, p. 181 : "The rise of the Scythian kingdom represented an event of intra-ethnic character, since both Cimmerians and Scythians were Iranian peoples."
• Sulimirski 1985, pp. 149–153 : "During the first half of the first millennium B.C., c. 3,000 to 2,500 years ago, the southern part of Eastern Europe was occupied mainly by peoples of Iranian stock [...] [T]he population of ancient Scythia was far from being homogeneous, nor were the Scyths themselves a homogeneous people. The country called after them was ruled by their principal tribe, the "Royal Scyths" (Her. iv. 20), who were of Iranian stock and called themselves "Skolotoi" (...)"
• West 2002, pp. 437–440 : "[T]rue Scyths seems to be those whom [Herodotus] calls Royal Scyths, that is, the group who claimed hegemony [...] apparently warrior-pastoralists. It is generally agreed, from what we know of their names, that these were people of Iranian stock (...)"
• Rolle 1989, p. 56 : "The physical characteristics of the Scythians correspond to their cultural affiliation: their origins place them within the group of Iranian peoples."
• Rostovtzeff 1922, p. 13 : "The Scythian kingdom [...] was succeeded in the Russian steppes by an ascendancy of various Sarmatian tribes — Iranians, like the Scythians themselves."
• Minns 2011, p. 36 : "The general view is that both agricultural and nomad Scythians were Iranian." - ↑ Harmatta 1996, p. 181.
- ↑ Tokhtas’ev 1991, p. 563–567.
- ↑ Bosworth 1999, p. 90.
- ↑ Bosworth 2001, pp. 586–590.
- ↑ Wink 2020, p. 78.
- ↑ Bosworth 1996, p. 147 : "The Sājids were a line of caliphal governors in north-western Persia, the family of a commander in the 'Abbasid service of Soghdian descent which became culturally Arabised."
- ↑ Bosworth 1996, p. 89.
- ↑ • Amoretti, Biancamaria Scarcia; Matthee, Rudi (2009). "Ṣafavid Dynasty". In Esposito, John L. (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford University Press. "Of Kurdish ancestry, the Ṣafavids started as a Sunnī mystical order (...)"
• Matthee, Rudi (2005). The Pursuit of Pleasure: Drugs and Stimulants in Iranian History, 1500-1900. Princeton Universty Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-3260-6. p. 18. "The Safavids, as Iranians of Kurdish ancestry and of nontribal background (...)"
• Matthee, Rudi (2008). "SAFAVID DYNASTY". Encyclopædia Iranica. "As Persians of Kurdish ancestry and of a non-tribal background, the Safavids did not fit this pattern, though the state they set up with the assistance of Turkmen tribal forces of eastern Anatolia closely resembled this division in its makeup."
• Savory, Roger (2008). "EBN BAZZĀZ". Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. VIII. Fasc. 1. p. 8. "This official version contains textual changes designed to obscure the Kurdish origins of the Safavid family and to vindicate their claim to descent from the Imams."
• Algar, Hamid (2006). "IRAN ix. RELIGIONS IN IRAN (2) Islam in Iran (2.3) Shiʿism in Iran Since the Safavids". Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. XIII. Fasc. 5, pp. 456–474. "The Safavids originated as a hereditary lineage of Sufi shaikhs centered on Ardabil, Shafeʿite in school and probably Kurdish in origin." - ↑ • Ziad 2006, p. 294 : "The Ghaznavids inherited Samanid administrative, political, and cultural traditions and laid the foundations for a Persianate state in northern India."
• Canfield 1991, p. 8 : "The Ghaznavids (989–1149) were essentially Persianized Turks who in manner of the pre-Islamic Persians encouraged the development of high culture."
• Spuler 1970, p. 147 : "Firdawsi was writing his Shah-nama. One of the effects of the renaissance of the Persian spirit evoked by this work was that the Ghaznavids were also persianized and thereby became a Persian dynasty." - ↑ • Pfeifer 2022, p. 46 : "The cultural influence of the Turco-Persian Seljuks long outlasted their political control of Anatolia, and the Turkish principalities that succeeded them starting in the late thirteenth cetury continued to look to that tradition for models of refinement and sociability."
• Khazonov 2015, p. 373 : "The Seljuk Empire was another Turco-Iranian state, and its creation was unexpected even by the Seljuks themselves."
• Neumann & Wigen 2018, p. 135 : "The Seljuq Empire is nevertheless the foremost example of a Turko-Persian Islamic empire."
• Patridge 2018, p. 96 : "Under his leadership, the Nezāris mounted a decentralized revolutionary effort against the militarily superior Turko-Persian Saljuq empire." - ↑ {{*}https://www.kojaro.com/history-art-culture/192448-khwarezmshahis-development-political-religious-power "
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