Psychosis

abnormal condition of the mind that involves hallucinations and delusions and is a symptom of any of various disorders or other causes

Psychosis is a diagnosis in psychiatry for a mental illness. People who have psychosis are called psychotic. They have trouble telling what is real and what is not. It is a kind of altered state of consciousness.

The word psychosis has two parts. The first part comes from psyche, which means soul in Ancient Greek. The second part is the ending '-osis', which means illness or unnatural condition. So psychosis means unnatural condition of the soul.

People with psychosis may have hallucinations. They can experience things that are not really there. They may also have delusions, which are fixed beliefs and ideas that are usually false. Sometimes their personality changes, and they cannot think straight. Some of these thoughts may be paranoid. Not every psychotic person has all of these problems. Psychotic people often act in strange ways. It is difficult for them to live a normal life as part of society. They often have trouble with making friends, as most people do not understand them.

Psychosis can affect people to different levels. Some people can continue with mostly normal lives, while other people will need a lot of medical help.

There are many things that can make someone seem psychotic. These include poisons, drugs, diseases of the nervous system, and other illnesses. [1][2]

Many people have gone through unusual experiences that they believe are real. Hallucinations connected to religion or supernatural experiences seem to be quite common.[3][4] Very often, these experiences cannot be called psychosis in a medical sense of the word. For this reason, some people have said that psychosis may simply be an extreme case of something that is experienced by many people.[5] People who have suffered from what could be called psychosis may simply have had experiences that were very strong or distressing.

People with schizophrenia with psychotic symptoms have a problem with thinking about practical things because they are thinking very much more about abstract things.[6][7]

In movies and the media in general, certain people who are shown as violent and antisocial are sometimes called psychotic. This image of psychosis is wrong. The people shown are usually psychopaths or sociopaths. They usually do not have hallucinations or delusions.

Psychosis is most associated with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, drug addiction and brain damage but it can be caused by a wide range of conditions.

Causes

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Psychosis is a name for a group of symptoms, that can be caused by different diseases and conditions. Very broadly speaking there are two types of causes for psychosis:

  1. In some cases, psychosis can be directly linked to a cause. Some of the causes are:
  2. There are people who suffer from psychosis, where no cause for the psychosis is clear. Current research suggests that some of these psychoses may be linked to genetic factors. They may be due to certain events during the pregnancy of the mother, or the early childhood of the person suffering from psychosis. The first episode of psychosis may be triggered by stress.

Treatment

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Most psychoses can be treated, so that those suffering from them can lead a normal life. The treatment depends on the cause of the psychosis. In general, there are two different forms of treatment available:

References

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  1. Tsuang, Ming T.; Stone, William S.; Faraone, Stephen V. (July 2000). "Toward Reformulating the Diagnosis of Schizophrenia". American Journal of Psychiatry. 157 (7): 1041–1050. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.7.1041. PMID 10873908.
  2. DeLage, J. (February 1955). "[Moderate psychosis caused by mumps in a child of nine years.]". Laval Médical. 20 (2): 175–183. PMID 14382616.
  3. Tien AY (December 1991). "Distributions of hallucinations in the population". Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 26 (6): 287–92. doi:10.1007/BF00789221. PMID 1792560. S2CID 28848635.
  4. van Os J, Hanssen M, Bijl RV, Ravelli A (September 2000). "Strauss (1969) revisited: a psychosis continuum in the general population?". Schizophr. Res. 45 (1–2): 11–20. doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(99)00224-8. PMID 10978868. S2CID 239907.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. Johns, Louise C.; Van Os, Jim (2001). "The continuity of psychotic experiences in the general population". Clinical Psychology Review. 21 (8): 1125–41. doi:10.1016/S0272-7358(01)00103-9. PMID 11702510. Retrieved 2006-08-19.
  6. Pierre Maurage, Pierre Philippot, Delphine Grynberg, Dominique Leleux, Benoît Delatte, Camille Mangelinckx, Jan-Baptist Belge, Eric Constant Imbalance between abstract and concrete repetitive thinking modes in schizophrenia Compr Psychiatry. 2017 Oct:78:61-66. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.06.013. Epub 2017 Jul 1.
  7. Ann Olson Psy.D.Schizophrenia and Modes of Thought Convergent and divergent thinking are examined in terms of schizophrenia. Psychology Today
  8. Tien AY, Anthony JC (August 1990). "Epidemiological analysis of alcohol and drug use as risk factors for psychotic experiences". J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 178 (8): 473–80. doi:10.1097/00005053-199008000-00001. PMID 2380692.
  9. Sharma, Verinder; Mazmanian, Dwight (April 2003). "Sleep loss and postpartum psychosis". Bipolar Disorders. 5 (2): 98–105. doi:10.1034/j.1399-5618.2003.00015.x. PMID 12680898. Retrieved 2006-09-27.[permanent dead link]
  10. Chan-Ob, T.; Boonyanaruthee, V. (September 1999). "Meditation in association with psychosis". Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand. 82 (9): 925–930. PMID 10561951.
  11. Devillières, P.; Opitz, M.; Clervoy, P.; Stephany, J. (May–June 1996). "[Delusion and sleep deprivation]". L'Encéphale. 22 (3): 229–31. PMID 8767052.
  12. Ohayon, Maurice M.; Priest, Robert G.; Caulet, Malijaï; Guilleminault, Christian (October 1996). "Hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations: pathological phenomena?". British Journal of Psychiatry. 169 (4): 459–67. doi:10.1192/bjp.169.4.459. PMID 8894197. S2CID 3086394. Retrieved 2006-10-21.