Synecdoche

use of a term for a part of something to refer to the whole or vice versa

A synecdoche is a figure of speech where a thing is referred to by one of its parts.[1][2] Examples include:

Synecdoche is a form of metonymy, because it refers to its target by using a related term.

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References

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English Wiktionary
The English Wiktionary has a dictionary definition (meanings of a word) for: synecdoche
  1. Welsh, Alfred Hux and James Mickleborough Greenwood. (1893). "Metonymy," Studies in English Grammar: A Comprehensive Course for Grammar Schools, High Schools, and Academies, pp. 222-223.
  2. "Synecdoche" at Rhetoric.byu.edu; retrieved 2012-1-14.