Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-term-symbol
Usage
changeGroup → | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | |||
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↓ Period | |||||||||||||||||||||
1 | H 2S1⁄2
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He 1S0
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2 | Li 2S1⁄2
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Be 1S0
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B 2P1⁄2
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C 3P0
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N 4S3⁄2
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O 3P2
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F 2P3⁄2
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Ne 1S0
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3 | Na 2S1⁄2
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Mg 1S0
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Al 2P1⁄2
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Si 3P0
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P 4S3⁄2
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S 3P2
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Cl 2P3⁄2
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Ar 1S0
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4 | K 2S1⁄2
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Ca 1S0
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Sc 2D3/2
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Ti 3F2
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V 4F3/2
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Cr 7S3
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Mn 6S5/2
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Fe 5D4
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Co 4F9/2
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Ni 3F4
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Cu 2S1⁄2
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Zn 1S0
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Ga 2P1⁄2
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Ge 3P0
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As 4S3⁄2
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Se 3P2
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Br 2P3⁄2
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Kr 1S0
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5 | Rb 2S1⁄2
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Sr 1S0
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Y 2D3/2
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Zr 3F2
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Nb 6D1/2
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Mo 7S3
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Tc 6S5/2
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Ru 5F5
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Rh 4F9/2
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Pd 1S0
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Ag 2S1⁄2
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Cd 1S0
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In 2P1⁄2
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Sn 3P0
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Sb 4S3⁄2
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Te 3P2
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I 2P3⁄2
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Xe 1S0
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6 | Cs 2S1⁄2
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Ba 1S0
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Lu 2D3/2
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Hf 3F2
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Ta 4F3/2
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W 5D0
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Re 6S5/2
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Os 5D4
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Ir 4F9/2
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Pt 3D3
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Au 2S1⁄2
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Hg 1S0
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Tl 2P1⁄2
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Pb 3P0
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Bi 4S3⁄2
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Po 3P2
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At 2P3⁄2
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Rn 1S0
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7 | Fr 2S1⁄2
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Ra 1S0
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Lr 2P1/2?
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Rf 3F2
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Db 4F3/2?
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Sg 5D0?
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Bh 6S5/2?
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Hs |
Mt |
Ds |
Rg |
Cn |
Nh |
Fl |
Mc |
Lv |
Ts |
Og | ||
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La 2D3/2
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Ce 1G4
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Pr 4I9/2
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Nd 5I4
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Pm 6H5/2
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Sm 7F0
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Eu 8S7/2
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Gd 9D2
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Tb 6H15/2
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Dy 5I8
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Ho 4I15/2
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Er 3H6
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Tm 2F7/2
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Yb 1S0
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Ac 2D3/2
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Th 3F2
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Pa 4K11/2
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U 5L6
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Np 6L11/2
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Pu 7F0
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Am 8S7/2
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Cm 9D2
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Bk 6H15/2
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Cf 5I8
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Es 4I15/2
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Fm 3H6
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Md 2F7/2
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No 1S0
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Element | Group | Electron configuration | electron configuration (P8000) ![]() |
Term symbol | note | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1, 2, | S, P, | |||||||
1 | H | hydrogen | 1 | 1s1 | 1s¹ | 2S1⁄2 | S | |
2 | He | helium | 18 | 1s2 | 1s² | 1S0 | S | |
3 | Li | lithium | 1 | [He] 2s1 | 1s² 2s¹, [He] 2s¹ | 2S1⁄2 | S | |
4 | Be | beryllium | 2 | [He] 2s2 | 1s² 2s², [He] 2s² | 1S0 | S | |
5 | B | boron | 13 | [He] 2s2 2p1 | 1s² 2s² 2p¹, [He] 2s² 2p¹ | 2P1⁄2 | P | |
6 | C | carbon | 14 | [He] 2s2 2p2 | 1s² 2s² 2p², [He] 2s² 2p² | 3P0 | P | |
7 | N | nitrogen | 15 | [He] 2s2 2p3 | 1s² 2s² 2p³, [He] 2s² 2p³ | 4S3⁄2 | S | |
8 | O | oxygen | 16 | [He] 2s2 2p4 | [He] 2s² 2p⁴, 1s² 2s² 2p⁴ | 3P2 | P | |
9 | F | fluorine | 17 | [He] 2s2 2p5[1] | 1s² 2s² 2p⁵, [He] 2s² 2p⁵ | 2P3⁄2 | P | |
10 | Ne | neon | 18 | [He] 2s2 2p6 | 1s² 2s² 2p⁶, [He] 2s² 2p⁶ | 1S0 | S | |
11 | Na | sodium | 1 | [Ne] 3s1 | 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹, [Ne] 3s¹ | 2S1⁄2 | S | |
12 | Mg | magnesium | 2 | [Ne] 3s2 | 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s², [Ne] 3s² | 1S0 | S | |
13 | Al | aluminium | 13 | [Ne] 3s2 3p1 | [Ne] 3s² 3p¹, 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p¹ | 2P1⁄2 | P | |
14 | Si | silicon | 14 | [Ne] 3s2 3p2 | 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p², [Ne] 3s² 3p² | 3P0 | P | |
15 | P | phosphorus | 15 | [Ne] 3s2 3p3 | 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p³, [Ne] 3s² 3p³ | 4S3⁄2 | S | |
16 | S | sulfur | 16 | [Ne] 3s2 3p4 | [Ne] 3s² 3p⁴, 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁴ | 3P2 | P | |
17 | Cl | chlorine | 17 | [Ne] 3s2 3p5 | [Ne] 3s² 3p⁵, 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵ | 2P3⁄2 | P | |
18 | Ar | argon | 18 | [Ne] 3s2 3p6 | 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶, [Ne] 3s² 3p⁶ | 1S0 | S | |
19 | K | potassium | 1 | [Ar] 4s1 | [Ar] 4s¹, 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹ | 2S1⁄2 | S | |
20 | Ca | calcium | 2 | [Ar] 4s2 | [Ar] 4s², 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² | 1S0 | S | |
21 | Sc | scandium | 3 | [Ar] 3d1 4s2 | [Ar] 3d¹ 4s², 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹ 4s² | 2D3/2 | D | |
22 | Ti | titanium | 4 | [Ar] 3d2 4s2 | [Ar] 3d² 4s² | 3F2 | F | |
23 | V | vanadium | 5 | [Ar] 3d3 4s2 | [Ar] 3d³ 4s² | 4F3/2 | F | |
24 | Cr | chromium | 6 | [Ar] 3d5 4s1 | [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹ | 7S3 | S | |
25 | Mn | manganese | 7 | [Ar] 3d5 4s2 | [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s² | 6S5/2 | S | |
26 | Fe | iron | 8 | [Ar] 3d6 4s2 | [Ar] 3d⁶ 4s² | 5D4 | D | |
27 | Co | cobalt | 9 | [Ar] 3d7 4s2 | [Ar] 3d⁷ 4s² | 4F9/2 | F | |
28 | Ni | nickel | 10 | [Ar] 3d8 4s2 or [Ar] 3d9 4s1 | 3F4 | F | ||
29 | Cu | copper | 11 | [Ar] 3d10 4s1 | 2S1⁄2 | S | ||
30 | Zn | zinc | 12 | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 | 1S0 | S | ||
31 | Ga | gallium | 13 | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1 | 2P1⁄2 | P | ||
32 | Ge | germanium | 14 | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2 | 3P0 | P | ||
33 | As | arsenic | 15 | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p3 | 4S3⁄2 | S | ||
34 | Se | selenium | 16 | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4 | 3P2 | P | ||
35 | Br | bromine | 17 | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5 | 2P3⁄2 | P | ||
36 | Kr | krypton | 18 | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p6 | 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶, [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ | 1S0 | S | |
37 | Rb | rubidium | 1 | [Kr] 5s1 | [Kr] 5s¹ | 2S1⁄2 | S | |
38 | Sr | strontium | 2 | [Kr] 5s2 | [Kr] 5s² | 1S0 | S | |
39 | Y | yttrium | 3 | [Kr] 4d1 5s2 | [Kr] 4d¹ 5s² | 2D3/2 | D | |
40 | Zr | zirconium | 4 | [Kr] 4d2 5s2 | [Kr] 4d² 5s² | 3F2 | F | |
41 | Nb | niobium | 5 | [Kr] 4d4 5s1 | [Kr] 4d⁴ 5s¹ | 6D1/2 | D | |
42 | Mo | molybdenum | 6 | [Kr] 4d5 5s1 | [Kr] 4d⁵ 5s¹ | 7S3 | S | |
43 | Tc | technetium | 7 | [Kr] 4d5 5s2 | [Kr] 4d⁵ 5s² | 6S5/2 | S | |
44 | Ru | ruthenium | 8 | [Kr] 4d7 5s1 | [Kr] 4d⁷ 5s¹ | 5F5 | F | |
45 | Rh | rhodium | 9 | [Kr] 4d8 5s1 | [Kr] 4d⁸ 5s¹ | 4F9/2 | F | |
46 | Pd | palladium | 10 | [Kr] 4d10 | 1S0 | S | ||
47 | Ag | silver | 11 | [Kr] 4d10 5s1 | 2S1⁄2 | S | ||
48 | Cd | cadmium | 12 | [Kr] 4d10 5s2 | 1S0 | S | ||
49 | In | indium | 13 | [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1 | 2P1⁄2 | P | ||
50 | Sn | tin | 14 | [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2 | 3P0 | P | ||
51 | Sb | antimony | 15 | [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3 | 4S3⁄2 | S | ||
52 | Te | tellurium | 16 | [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4 | 3P2 | P | ||
53 | I | iodine | 17 | [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5 | 2P3⁄2 | P | ||
54 | Xe | xenon | 18 | [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p6 | 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁶, [Kr] 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ | 1S0 | S | |
55 | Cs | caesium | 1 | [Xe] 6s1 | [Xe] 6s¹ | 2S1⁄2 | S | |
56 | Ba | barium | 2 | [Xe] 6s2 | [Xe] 6s² | 1S0 | S | |
57 | La | lanthanum | f-block groups | [Xe] 5d1 6s2 | 2D3/2 | D | ||
58 | Ce | cerium | f-block groups | [Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2[2] | 1G4 | G | ||
59 | Pr | praseodymium | f-block groups | [Xe] 4f3 6s2 | 4I9/2 | I | ||
60 | Nd | neodymium | f-block groups | [Xe] 4f4 6s2 | 5I4 | I | ||
61 | Pm | promethium | f-block groups | [Xe] 4f5 6s2 | 6H5/2 | H | ||
62 | Sm | samarium | f-block groups | [Xe] 4f6 6s2 | 7F0 | F | ||
63 | Eu | europium | f-block groups | [Xe] 4f7 6s2 | 8S7/2 | S | ||
64 | Gd | gadolinium | f-block groups | [Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2 | 9D2 | D | ||
65 | Tb | terbium | f-block groups | [Xe] 4f9 6s2 | 6H15/2 | H | ||
66 | Dy | dysprosium | f-block groups | [Xe] 4f10 6s2 | 5I8 | I | ||
67 | Ho | holmium | f-block groups | [Xe] 4f11 6s2 | 4I15/2 | I | ||
68 | Er | erbium | f-block groups | [Xe] 4f12 6s2 | 3H6 | H | ||
69 | Tm | thulium | f-block groups | [Xe] 4f13 6s2 | 2F7/2 | F | ||
70 | Yb | ytterbium | f-block groups | [Xe] 4f14 6s2 | 1S0 | S | ||
71 | Lu | lutetium | 3 | [Xe] 4f14 5d1 6s2 | 2D3/2 | D | ||
72 | Hf | hafnium | 4 | [Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2 | [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d² 6s² | 3F2 | F | |
73 | Ta | tantalum | 5 | [Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2 | [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d³ 6s² | 4F3/2 | F | |
74 | W | tungsten | 6 | [Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2[3] | [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁴ 6s² | 5D0 | D | |
75 | Re | rhenium | 7 | [Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2 | [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁵ 6s² | 6S5/2 | S | |
76 | Os | osmium | 8 | [Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2 | [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁶ 6s² | 5D4 | D | |
77 | Ir | iridium | 9 | [Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2 | 4F9/2 | F | ||
78 | Pt | platinum | 10 | [Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1 | 3D3 | D | ||
79 | Au | gold | 11 | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1 | 2S1⁄2 | S | ||
80 | Hg | mercury | 12 | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 | [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² | 1S0 | S | |
81 | Tl | thallium | 13 | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1 | 2P1⁄2 | P | ||
82 | Pb | lead | 14 | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2 | 3P0 | P | ||
83 | Bi | bismuth | 15 | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3 | 4S3⁄2 | S | ||
84 | Po | polonium | 16 | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4 | 3P2 | P | ||
85 | At | astatine | 17 | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p5 | 2P3⁄2 | P | ||
86 | Rn | radon | 18 | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6 | 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁶ 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p⁶, [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p⁶ | 1S0 | S | |
87 | Fr | francium | 1 | [Rn] 7s1 | [Rn] 7s¹ | 2S1⁄2 | S | |
88 | Ra | radium | 2 | [Rn] 7s2 | [Rn] 7s² | 1S0 | S | |
89 | Ac | actinium | f-block groups | [Rn] 6d1 7s2 | 2D3/2 | D | ||
90 | Th | thorium | f-block groups | [Rn] 6d2 7s2 | 3F2 | F | ||
91 | Pa | protactinium | f-block groups | [Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2 | 4K11/2 | K | ||
92 | U | uranium | f-block groups | [Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2 | 5L6 | L | ||
93 | Np | neptunium | f-block groups | [Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2 | 6L11/2 | L | ||
94 | Pu | plutonium | f-block groups | [Rn] 5f6 7s2 | 7F0 | F | ||
95 | Am | americium | f-block groups | [Rn] 5f7 7s2 | 8S7/2 | S | ||
96 | Cm | curium | f-block groups | [Rn] 5f7 6d1 7s2 | 9D2 | D | ||
97 | Bk | berkelium | f-block groups | [Rn] 5f9 7s2 | 6H15/2 | H | ||
98 | Cf | californium | f-block groups | [Rn] 5f10 7s2[4] | [Rn] 5f¹⁰ 7s²[5] | 5I8 | I | |
99 | Es | einsteinium | f-block groups | [Rn] 5f11 7s2 | 4I15/2 | I | ||
100 | Fm | fermium | f-block groups | [Rn] 5f12 7s2 | 3H6 | H | ||
101 | Md | mendelevium | f-block groups | [Rn] 5f13 7s2 | 2F7/2 | F | ||
102 | No | nobelium | f-block groups | [Rn] 5f14 7s2 | 1S0 | S | ||
103 | Lr | lawrencium | 3 | [Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1 | 2P1/2? | P | ||
104 | Rf | rutherfordium | 4 | [Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2[6][7] | [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d² 7s² | 3F2 | F | |
105 | Db | dubnium | 5 | [Rn] 5f14 6d3 7s2[7] | [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d³ 7s² | 4F3/2? | F | |
106 | Sg | seaborgium | 6 | [Rn] 5f14 6d4 7s2[7] | [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁴ 7s² | 5D0? | D | |
107 | Bh | bohrium | 7 | [Rn] 5f14 6d5 7s2[8][7] | [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁵ 7s² | 6S5/2? | S | |
108 | Hs | hassium | 8 | [Rn] 5f14 6d6 7s2[9] | [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁶ 7s² | |||
109 | Mt | meitnerium | 9 | [Rn] 5f14 6d7 7s2 (predicted)[7][10] | ||||
110 | Ds | darmstadtium | 10 | [Rn] 5f14 6d8 7s2 (predicted)[7] | ||||
111 | Rg | roentgenium | 11 | [Rn] 5f14 6d9 7s2 (predicted)[11][7] | ||||
112 | Cn | copernicium | 12 | [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 (predicted)[7] | ||||
113 | Nh | nihonium | 13 | [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p1 (predicted)[7] | ||||
114 | Fl | flerovium | 14 | [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p2 (predicted)[7] | ||||
115 | Mc | moscovium | 15 | [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p3 (predicted)[7] | ||||
116 | Lv | livermorium | 16 | [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p4 (predicted)[7] | ||||
117 | Ts | tennessine | 17 | [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p5 (predicted)[7] | ||||
118 | Og | oganesson | 18 | [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p6 (predicted)[12][7] | 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁶ 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p⁶ 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p⁶,[13] [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p⁶[13] | |||
119 | Uue | ununennium | 1 | [Og] 8s1 (predicted)[7] | ||||
120 | Ubn | unbinilium | 2 | [Og] 8s2 (predicted)[7] | ||||
121 | Ubu | unbiunium | g-block groups | [Og] 8s2 8p1 (predicted)[7] | ||||
122 | Ubb | unbibium | g-block groups | [Og] 7d1 8s2 8p1 (predicted)[14] | ||||
123 | Ubt | unbitrium | g-block groups | |||||
124 | Ubq | unbiquadium | g-block groups | [Og] 6f3 8s2 8p1 (predicted)[14] | ||||
125 | Ubp | unbipentium | g-block groups | |||||
126 | Ubh | unbihexium | g-block groups | [Og] 5g2 6f3 8s2 8p1 (predicted)[14] |
- ↑ Jaccaud et al. 2000, p. 381.
- ↑ Ground levels and ionization energies for the neutral atoms, NIST
- ↑ Berger, Dan. "Why does Tungsten not 'Kick' up an electron from the s sublevel ?". Bluffton College, USA.
- ↑ CRC 2006, p. 1.14.
- ↑ Error: Unable to display the reference properly. See the documentation for details.
- ↑ "Rutherfordium". Royal Chemical Society. Retrieved 2019-09-21.
- ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). "Transactinides and the future elements". In Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (eds.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands. ISBN 978-1-4020-3555-5.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ↑ Johnson, E.; Fricke, B.; Jacob, T.; Dong, C. Z.; Fritzsche, S.; Pershina, V. (2002). "Ionization potentials and radii of neutral and ionized species of elements 107 (bohrium) and 108 (hassium) from extended multiconfiguration Dirac–Fock calculations". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 116 (5): 1862–1868. Bibcode:2002JChPh.116.1862J. doi:10.1063/1.1430256.
- ↑ Hoffman, Lee & Pershina 2006, p. 1672.
- ↑ Thierfelder, C.; Schwerdtfeger, P.; Heßberger, F. P.; Hofmann, S. (2008). "Dirac-Hartree-Fock studies of X-ray transitions in meitnerium". The European Physical Journal A. 36 (2): 227. Bibcode:2008EPJA...36..227T. doi:10.1140/epja/i2008-10584-7.
- ↑ Turler, A. (2004). "Gas Phase Chemistry of Superheavy Elements" (PDF). Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemical Sciences. 5 (2): R19–R25. doi:10.14494/jnrs2000.5.R19.
- ↑ Nash, Clinton S. (2005). "Atomic and Molecular Properties of Elements 112, 114, and 118". Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 109 (15): 3493–3500. Bibcode:2005JPCA..109.3493N. doi:10.1021/jp050736o. PMID 16833687.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Clinton S Nash (1 April 2005). "Atomic and molecular properties of elements 112, 114, and 118". Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 109 (15): 3493–3500. doi:10.1021/JP050736O. ISSN 1089-5639. PMID 16833687. Wikidata Q33997537.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). "Transactinides and the future elements". In Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (eds.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 978-1-4020-3555-5.