Titanium dioxide
chemical compound
Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium(IV) oxide or titania /taɪˈteɪniə/, is the naturally occurring oxide of titanium, chemical formula TiO
2. When used as a pigment, it is called titanium white, Pigment White 6 (PW6), or CI 77891. Generally, it is made from ilmenite, rutile, and anatase. It has a lot of uses, including paint, sunscreen, and food coloring. When used as a food coloring, it has E number E171. 9 million tonnes of it were made in the world in 2014.[3][4] It is used in around two-thirds of all pigments, and pigments based on the oxide have a total value of around $13.2 billion.[5]
Names | ||
---|---|---|
IUPAC names
Titanium dioxide
Titanium(IV) oxide | ||
Other names | ||
Identifiers | ||
| ||
3D model (JSmol)
|
||
ChEBI | ||
ChEMBL | ||
ChemSpider | ||
ECHA InfoCard | 100.033.327 | |
E number | E171 (colours) | |
KEGG | ||
PubChem CID
|
||
RTECS number |
| |
UNII | ||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
|
||
| ||
Properties | ||
TiO 2 | ||
Molar mass | 79.866 g/mol | |
Appearance | White solid | |
Odor | Odorless | |
Density |
| |
Melting point | 1,843 °C (3,349 °F; 2,116 K) | |
Boiling point | 2,972 °C (5,382 °F; 3,245 K) | |
Insoluble | ||
Band gap | 3.05 eV (rutile)[1] | |
+5.9·10−6 cm3/mol | ||
Refractive index (nD)
|
| |
Thermochemistry | ||
Std enthalpy of formation ΔfH |
−945 kJ·mol−1[2] | |
Standard molar entropy S |
50 J·mol−1·K−1[2] | |
Hazards | ||
EU classification | Not listed | |
NFPA 704 |
| |
Flash point | not flammable | |
U.S. Permissible exposure limit (PEL) |
TWA 15 mg/m3 | |
Related compounds | ||
Other cations | Zirconium dioxide Hafnium dioxide | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | ||
![]() ![]() ![]() | ||
Infobox references | ||
References
change- ↑ Nowotny, Janusz (2011). Oxide Semiconductors for Solar Energy Conversion: Titanium Dioxide. CRC Press. p. 156. ISBN 9781439848395.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Zumdahl, Steven S. (2009). Chemical Principles 6th Ed. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. A23. ISBN 978-0-618-94690-7.
- ↑ "Titanium" in 2014 Minerals Yearbook. USGS
- ↑ "Mineral Commodity Summaries, 2015" (PDF). U.S. Geological Survey. U.S. Geological Survey 2015.
- ↑ Schonbrun, Zach. "The Quest for the Next Billion-Dollar Color". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2018-04-24.