Voiced alveolar nasal
consonantal sound
The voiced alveolar nasal is a type of consonant. Nearly all languages contain this sound. The letter for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨n⟩. The X-SAMPA symbol for this sound is ⟨n⟩. The English language has this sound, and it is the sound represented by "n" in near and number.
| Voiced alveolar nasal | |
|---|---|
| n | |
| IPA Number | 116 |
| Encoding | |
| Entity (decimal) | n |
| Unicode (hex) | U+006E |
| X-SAMPA | n |
Features
change- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic. This means that this sound is produced by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
- The phonation is voiced. This means that the vocal cords vibrate while the sound is being pronounced.
- The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is alveolar. This means that this sound is produced with the tip of the tongue (apical) or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge (laminal).
- It is a nasal consonant. This means that air is allowed to escape through the nose, either exclusively (nasal stops) or in addition to through the mouth.
Examples
change| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adyghe | нэфнэ/nėfnė | [nafna] | 'light' | |
| Arabic | Standard | نور/nūr | [nuːr] | 'light' |
| Assyrian | ܢܘܪܐ nōra | [noːɾaː] | 'mirror' | |
| Basque | ni | [ni] | 'I' | |
| Bengali | নাক/naak/nāk | [naːk] | 'nose' | |
| Catalan[1] | neu | [ˈneʊ̯] | 'snow' | |
| Chinese | Mandarin | 難/nán | [nan˧˥] | 'difficult' |
| Czech | na | [na] | 'on' | |
| Dutch[2] | nacht | [nɑxt] | 'night' | |
| English | nice | [naɪs] | 'nice' | |
| Finnish | annan | [ˈɑnːɑn] | 'I give' | |
| Georgian[3] | კანი/k'ani | [ˈkʼɑni] | 'skin' | |
| Greek | νάμα/náma | [ˈnama] | 'communion wine | |
| Gujarati | નહી/nahi | [nəhi] | 'no' | |
| Hawaiian[4] | naka | [naka] | 'to shake' | |
| Hebrew | נבון/navon | [navon] | 'wise' | |
| Italian[5] | nano | [ˈnäːno] | 'dwarf' | |
| Irish | binn | [bʲiːnʲ] | 'peak' | |
| Japanese[6] | 反対/hantai | [hantai] | 'opposite' | |
| Khmer | នគរ nôkôr | [nɔkɔː] | 'kingdom' | |
| Korean | 나라/nara | [nɐɾɐ] | 'Country' | |
| Kurdish | Northern | giyanewer | [ˈgʲɪjä:ˈnɛwɛˈɾ] | 'animal' |
| Central | گیانلەبەر/gîyânlabar | [ˈgʲiːäːnˈlæbæˈɾ] | ||
| Southern | [ˈgʲiːäːnˈlabaˈɾ] | |||
| Kyrgyz[7] | банан/banan | [baˈnan] | 'banana' | |
| Malay | nasi | [näsi] | 'cooked rice' | |
| Malayalam[8] | കന്നി/kanni | [kənni] | 'virgin' | |
| Maltese | lenbuba | [lenbuˈba] | 'truncheon' | |
| Mapudungun[9] | müna | [mɘ̝ˈnɐ̝] | 'enough' | |
| Ngwe | Mmockngie dialect | [nøɣə̀] | 'sun' | |
| Nepali | नक्कल/nakkal | [nʌkːʌl] | 'imitation' | |
| Odia | ନାକ/nāka | [näkɔ] | 'nose' | |
| Persian | نون/nun | [nun] | 'bread' | |
| Pirahã | gíxai | [níˈʔàì̯] | 'you' | |
| Polish[10] | poncz | [ˈpɔn̥t͡ʂ] | 'punch' | |
| Punjabi | ਨੱਕ/nakk | [nəkː] | 'nose' | |
| Slovak | na | [nä] | 'on' | |
| Slovene[11] | novice | [nɔˈʋìːt̪͡s̪ɛ] | 'news' | |
| Spanish[12] | nada | [ˈnäð̞ä] | 'nothing' | |
| Swahili | ndizi | [n̩dizi] | 'banana' | |
| Tagalog | nipis | [nipis] | 'thin' | |
| Thai | นอน/non | [nɔːn] | 'sleep' | |
| Turkish | neden | [ne̞d̪æn] | 'reason' | |
| Tamil | மனசு/manasu | [mʌnʌsɯ] | 'mind', 'heart' | |
| Vietnamese[13] | bạn đi | [ɓanˀ˧˨ʔ ɗi] | 'you're going' | |
| Welsh | nain | [nain] | 'grandmother' | |
| Western Apache | non |  [nòn] (help·info) |
'cache' | |
| West Frisian | nekke | [ˈnɛkə] | 'neck' | |
| Yi | ꆅ/na | [na˧ ] | 'hurt' | |
| Zapotec | Tilquiapan[14] | nanɨɨ | [nanɨˀɨ] | 'lady' |
Notes
change- ↑ Carbonell & Llisterri (1992), p. 53.
- ↑ Gussenhoven (1992), p. 45.
- ↑ Shosted & Chikovani (2006), p. 255.
- ↑ Ladefoged (2005), p. 139.
- ↑ Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004), p. 117.
- ↑ Okada (1999), p. 117.
- ↑ Kara (2003), p. 11.
- ↑ Ladefoged (2005), p. 165.
- ↑ Sadowsky et al. (2013), pp. 88–89.
- ↑ Rocławski (1976), p. 136.
- ↑ Pretnar & Tokarz (1980), p. 21.
- ↑ Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003), p. 255.
- ↑ Thompson (1959), pp. 458–461.
- ↑ Merrill (2008), p. 108.
References
change- Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992), "Catalan", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (1–2): 53–56, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004618, S2CID 249411809
- Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (2): 45–47, doi:10.1017/S002510030000459X, S2CID 243772965
- Shosted, Ryan K.; Chikovani, Vakhtang (2006), "Standard Georgian" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 36 (2): 255–264, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002659
- Ladefoged, Peter (2005), Vowels and Consonants (Second ed.), Blackwell
- Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (1): 117–121, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001628
- Okada, Hideo (1999), "Japanese", in International Phonetic Association (ed.), Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge University Press, pp. 117–119, ISBN 978-0-52163751-0
- Kara, Dávid Somfai (2003), Kyrgyz, Lincom Europa, ISBN 978-3895868436
- Sadowsky, Scott; Painequeo, Héctor; Salamanca, Gastón; Avelino, Heriberto (2013), "Mapudungun", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (1): 87–96, doi:10.1017/S0025100312000369
- Rocławski, Bronisław (1976), Zarys fonologii, fonetyki, fonotaktyki i fonostatystyki współczesnego języka polskiego, Gdańsk: Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
- Pretnar, Tone; Tokarz, Emil (1980), Slovenščina za Poljake: Kurs podstawowy języka słoweńskiego, Katowice: Uniwersytet Śląski
- Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (2): 255–259, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373
- Thompson, Laurence (1959), "Saigon phonemics", Language, 35 (3): 454–476, doi:10.2307/411232, JSTOR 411232
- Merrill, Elizabeth (2008), "Tilquiapan Zapotec" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 38 (1): 107–114, doi:10.1017/S0025100308003344