Pedophilia
Pedophilia (paedophilia in British English) is a paraphilia and a psychiatric disorder when a person 16 years of age or older is primarily or exclusively sexually attracted to children who have not begun puberty (usually under 10 years old, depending also on sexes).[1][2][3][4][5][6] Richard von Krafft-Ebing introduced the term in 1886 when spoke about Paedophilia erotica.
Terminology
changeA person with pedophilia (adults and older adolescents who are sexually attracted to pre-pubescent children) is called a pedophile. The child must be at least five years younger than the person in the case of adolescent pedophiles before the attraction can be called pedophilia.[1] Adults whose primary or exclusive sexual attraction is for pubescent early adolescents (ages 11 to 14) are properly called Hebephiles, not pedophiles.
Condition
changeMedically, unlike other sexual preferences like ephebophilia and teleiophilia, pedophilia condition is classified by the American Psychiatric Association as a mental disorder.[1][7] Some pedophiles have sex with children or use children in a sexual way. This is called "child sexual abuse" because by law, children are unable to truly agree to sexual acts with an adult. Some adults have pedophilic feelings but do not act by sexually abusing children. Some adults who are not pedophiles commit sexual abuse against children.
Not all pedophiles feel or act in the same way. Since the 1880s, psychologists have studied and shown that different pedophiles might act in different ways:[8]
- Some pedophiles are only sexually attracted to pre-pubescent children. They are called exclusive pedophiles.
- Some pedophiles have a sexual preference for pre-pubescent children but are sexually attracted to adults as well. They are called preferential pedophiles.
- Some adults who prefer adult sexual partners are also sexually attracted to pre-pubescent children.
Studies
changeGeneral
changeFor pedophiles who commit child sexual abuse, some studies have shown that pedophiles who are only attracted to children may abuse more children than pedophiles who also have adult sexual partners.[9][10]
The people who abuse children are often known to them—such as parents, other relatives, and friends—and are not strangers.[11] One research study found that half the adults convicted of child sexual abuse of children outside of their family were also sexually abusing their own children.[12]
Is it common?
changeMedical researchers do not know how many people in the population are pedophiles.[13] This is because it is hard to study people's feelings and desires unless they actually show that they have those feelings. Generally, the only pedophiles who can be studied are those who have both broken the law and been caught and convicted of child sexual abuse. A second reason is that when an adult or mid-to-late teenager sexually abuses a child, people often call the abuser a "pedophile", but it is possible that the abuse happened for a different reason, such as the unavailability of an adult partner. Experts generally define a person as a pedophile only if they are primarily or exclusively sexually attracted to pre-pubescent children.[2][3][4][6] If a person sexually abuses a pre-pubescent child to frighten or punish them, for example, then it may not be true pedophile behavior.
Some sources, such as the Mayo Clinic, report that most child sexual abuse of pre-pubescent children is committed by pedophiles,[14] while other studies report that most people who sexually abuse children are not pedophiles.[15] According to some studies, about 1% of all adult males may be pedophiles.[16]
Treatment
changeAs of 2008, most doctors believe that pedophilia cannot be cured.[17] The current approach to deal with pedophiles who have been convicted of sexual abuse is to try to change their behavior. It does not change their sexual attraction. Using this treatment, it is believed that some sex offenders can be prevented from offending again. Medications such as Depo-Provera can be used to treat pedophilia.[18]
References
change- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR PEDOPHILIA" (PDF). APA STATEMENT. American Psychiatric Association. June 17, 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-06-29.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Seto MC.(2009) Pedophilia Archived 2016-07-27 at the Wayback Machine. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 5:391-407.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Edwards, M. (1997) "Treatment for Paedophiles; Treatment for Sex Offenders." Paedophile Policy and Prevention, Australian Institute of Criminology Research and Public Policy Series (12), 74-75.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Blaney, Paul H.; Millon, Theodore (2009). Oxford Textbook of Psychopathology (Oxford Series in Clinical Psychology) (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press, USA. p. 528. ISBN 978-0-19-537421-6.
Some cases of child molestation, especially those involving incest, are committed in the absence of any identifiable deviant erotic age preference.
- ↑ Ray Blanchard, Amy D. Lykins, Diane Wherrett, Michael E. Kuban, James M. Cantor, Thomas Blak, Robert Dickey e Philip E. Klassen, Pedophilia, Hebephilia, and the DSM-V, in Archives of Sexual Behavior, vol. 38, n. 3, 2009, pp. 335–50.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Studer Lea H., Aylwin A. Scott (2006). "Pedophilia: The problem with diagnosis and limitations of CBT in treatment". Medical Hypotheses. 67 (4): 774–781. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2006.04.030. ISSN 0306-9877. PMID 16766133.
- ↑ World Health Organization, International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems: ICD-10 Section F65.4: Paedophilia (online access via ICD-10 site map table of contents)
- ↑ Krafft-Ebing, R. von. (1886). Psychopathia sexualis: A medico-forensic study (1965 trans by H. E. Wedeck). New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons. ISBN 1-55970-425-X.
- ↑ Abel, G. G., Mittleman, M. S., & Becker, J. V. (1985). "Sex offenders: Results of assessment and recommendations for treatment." In M. H. Ben-Aron, S. J. Hucker, & C. D. Webster (Eds.), Clinical criminology: The assessment and treatment of criminal behavior (pp. 207-220). Toronto, Canada: M & M Graphics.
- ↑ Linda S. Grossman, Ph.D., Brian Martis, M.D. and Christopher G. Fichtner, M.D. (1999). "Are Sex Offenders Treatable? A Research Overview". Psychiatric Services (Washington, D.c.). 50 (3): 349–361work=Psychiatr Serv. doi:10.1176/ps.50.3.349. PMID 10096639. Archived from the original on 2011-08-24. Retrieved 2015-02-14.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ Lanning, Kenneth (2001). "Child Molesters: A Behavioral Analysis (Third Edition)" (PDF). National Center for Missing & Exploited Children. pp. 25, 27, 29. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-12-24. Retrieved 2015-02-14.
- ↑ M. GLASSER, FRCPsych and I. KOLVIN, FRCPsych (2001). "Cycle of child sexual abuse: links between being a victim and becoming a perpetrator". British Journal of Psychiatry.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ Seto, M. C. (2004). "Pedophilia and Sexual Offenses Against Children," Annual Review of Sex Research, 15, 329-369.
- ↑ Hall M.D; Ryan C.W. & Hall R.C.W. "A profile of pedophilia: definition, characteristics of offenders, recidivism, treatment outcomes, and forensic issues" (PDF). Mayo Clin Proc. 82:457-471 2007. MAYO Foundation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-05-28. Retrieved 2015-04-07.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ H. Zonana, G. Abel (1999): Dangerous sex offenders. A task force report of the American Psychiatric Association – Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association
- ↑ Briere J. & Runtz M. 1989. University males’ sexual interest in children: predicting potential indices of "pedophilia" in a non-forensic sample. Child Abuse & Neglect: The International Journal, 13, 65–75
- ↑ "Treatments to Change Sexual Orientation - BERLIN 157 (5): 838 - Am J Psychiatry". Archived from the original on 2011-06-12. Retrieved 2015-02-14.
- ↑ "Public Policy". Archived from the original on 2011-04-28. Retrieved 2015-02-14.